strain images

strain

The vertical component of the force F applied to the metal rod causes a vertical deformation of the rod, or axial strain, shown as vd in the diagram on the right. The horizontal component of F causes a horizontal skewing, or shear strain, shown by hd in the diagram on the right. The axial strain is measured as vd/L. The shear strain is measured as hd/L, which is equal to the tangent of the angle y.