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The First Mac

The original Mac was a self-contained unit with a 9" monochrome screen and a unique silhouette. (Image courtesy of Apple Inc.)

Always the Innovator

Apple has created many original designs. For example, this PowerBook was the first laptop with a wide screen and titanium body.

The History of the Mac Interface The graphical user interface (GUI) was actually developed by Xerox and introduced on its Star workstation in 1981. Apple borrowed heavily from the Star, and subsequently, others copied the Mac, moving the GUI down the line to Windows, OS/2, Unix and Linux. The Macintosh interface was immediately popular with non-technical people. Instead of typing in a command to delete a file as in DOS, you could drag it to an on-screen trashcan. Although common today, it was a breakthrough to have such capability on a personal computer in the 1980s. The Mac also used consistent menus, and Apple's guidelines for application design were generally followed by developers. In operation, the operating system and applications were, and still are, somewhat indistinguishable, and Apple has always tried to keep technical jargon to a minimum.

The First Mac GUI

This is a screen shot of MacPaint on the first Macintosh. The Mac's graphical ability made it a natural for graphics shops and desktop publishing. It might have been slow, but it was far more affordable than the workstations used for such purposes in the 1980s. (Image courtesy of Apple Inc.)

The Macintosh GUI

This screen shot shows the typical elements on a Macintosh desktop. Power Dude (upper right) is the name of this user's hard disk. (Screen shot courtesy of Peter Hermsen.)

Why Aren't There More Macs? The Mac came out in 1984, three years after the DOS-based PC. Although its graphical interface was simple to use, and it eliminated the technical quagmire DOS users faced when adding a new device to their PCs, there were several reasons why the Mac did not overtake the PC. DOS Was Faster DOS PCs were much faster. It takes much more CPU power to display graphics than text, and the Mac's hardware was too underpowered at that time for such a sophisticated operating system. Too Much Mousing The command languages that could automate a myriad of tasks in DOS were woefully absent in the Mac. There was sound reason for the expression, "real programmers don't use mice." In addition, Apple initially overemphasized the mouse so much that it gave little thought to intelligent keyboard commands. This was hardly a way to gain acceptance in the business world where keyboard-intensive word processing was the largest application. It Was Too Late Mac applications were eventually enhanced, and speed was dramatically increased, but the DOS world was simply too entrenched by the time those improvements came. Windows 3.0, which offered a graphical interface with some of the Mac's advantages, ran as an extension to DOS and was its natural successor. Windows 95 added more graphical features found in the Mac, and by this time, the world was buying Windows. Macs Cost More The Mac was always pricier than a PC, which purchasing agents found hard to justify. Although many corporate users bought their own Macs due to their aversion to PCs, technical personnel were not fond of supporting them. They sweated bullets dealing with DOS and Windows. Supporting yet another environment was not met with enthusiasm. Proprietary Technology Unlike the PC, the Mac is Apple's proprietary technology, and except for a brief period, Apple prevented a Macintosh clone industry from developing and growing (see Macintosh clone). Apple maintained its sole source vendor status while the PC industry had thousands of vendors. In Summary As a result, the Macintosh was used sporadically in the corporate world, but due to its natural bent, became popular in desktop publishing and graphics design. The Mac became the de facto standard in the graphics arts industry. However, with less than 5% of the desktop market, the Mac still remains, as Apple put it in an earlier ad campaign, "the computer for the rest of us." See Mactel.

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